实验!!配置STP
发布作者:微思网络 发布时间:2022-05-23 浏览量:0次
学习目标
掌握启用和禁用STP的方法
掌握修改交换机STP模式的方法
掌握修改桥优先级,控制根桥选举的方法
掌握修改端口优先级,控制根端口和指定端口选举的方法
掌握修改端口开销,控制根端口和指定端口选举的方法
掌握边缘端口的配置方法
拓扑图
图3.1 配置STP实验拓扑图
场景
您是公司的网络管理员,为了避免网络中的环路问题,需要在网络中的交换机上配置STP。本实验中,您还需要通过修改桥优先级来控制STP的根桥选举,并通过配置STP的一些特性来加快STP的收敛速度。
操作步骤:
一:配置 STP 并验证
为了保证实验结果的准确性,确保设备以空配置启动。
华为交换机STP特性默认是打开的,如果STP被禁用,则执行stp enable命令启用STP。
关闭交换机STP特性命令:
[Huawei]stp disable
启用交换机STP特性命令:
[Huawei]stp enable
本实验中,SW1和SW2之间有两条链路,在SW1和SW2上启用STP,并把SW1配置为根桥。
配置SW1:
配置SW2: 执行 display stp brief 命令查看STP信息 执行 display stp interface 命令查看端口的STP状态<Huawei>system-view
Huawei]sysname SW1
[SW1]stp mode stp
[SW1]stp root primary <设置本交换机的优先级为0><Huawei>system-view
Huawei]sysname SW2
[SW2]stp mode stp
[SW2]stp root secondary <设置本交换机的优先级为4096>[SW1]display stp brief
MSTID Port Role STP State Protection
0 GigabitEthernet0/0/9 DESI FORWARDING NONE
0 GigabitEthernet0/0/10 DESI FORWARDING NONE
[SW2]display stp brief
MSTID Port Role STP State Protection
0 GigabitEthernet0/0/9 ROOT FORWARDING NONE
0 GigabitEthernet0/0/10 ALTE DISCARDING NONE[SW1]display stp interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/10
-------[CIST Global Info][Mode STP]-------
CIST Bridge :0 .4c1f-cc16-05ac
Config Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
Active Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
CIST Root/ERPC :0 .4c1f-cc16-05ac / 0
CIST RegRoot/IRPC :0 .4c1f-cc16-05ac / 0
CIST RootPortId :0.0
BPDU-Protection :Disabled
CIST Root Type :Primary root
TC or TCN received :8
TC count per hello :0
STP Converge Mode :Normal
Time since last TC :0 days 0h:19m:33s
Number of TC :6
----[Port34(GigabitEthernet0/0/10)][FORWARDING]----
Port Protocol :Enabled
Port Role :Designated Port
Port Priority :128
Port Cost(Dot1T ) :Config=auto / Active=20000
Designated Bridge/Port :0.4c1f-cc16-05ac / 128.34
Port Edged :Config=default / Active=disabled
Point-to-point :Config=auto / Active=true
Transit Limit :147 packets/hello-time
Protection Type :None
Port STP Mode :STP
Port Protocol Type :Config=auto / Active=dot1s
BPDU Encapsulation :Config=stp / Active=stp
PortTimes :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s RemHop 20
TC or TCN send :17
TC or TCN received :0
BPDU Sent :556
TCN: 0, Config: 556, RST: 0, MST: 0
BPDU Received :2
TCN: 0, Config: 2, RST: 0, MST: 0
[SW2]display stp interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/10
-------[CIST Global Info][Mode STP]-------
CIST Bridge :4096 .4c1f-cc78-50fb
Config Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
Active Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
CIST Root/ERPC :0 .4c1f-cc16-05ac / 20000
CIST RegRoot/IRPC :4096 .4c1f-cc78-50fb / 0
CIST RootPortId :128.9
BPDU-Protection :Disabled
CIST Root Type :Secondary root
TC or TCN received :43
TC count per hello :0
STP Converge Mode :Normal
Time since last TC :0 days 0h:23m:3s
Number of TC :8
----[Port10(GigabitEthernet0/0/10)][DISCARDING]----
Port Protocol :Enabled
Port Role :Alternate Port
Port Priority :128
Port Cost(Dot1T ) :Config=auto / Active=20000
Designated Bridge/Port :0.4c1f-cc16-05ac / 128.34
Port Edged :Config=default / Active=disabled
Point-to-point :Config=auto / Active=true
Transit Limit :147 packets/hello-time
Protection Type :None
Port STP Mode :STP
Port Protocol Type :Config=auto / Active=dot1s
BPDU Encapsulation :Config=stp / Active=stp
PortTimes :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s RemHop 0
TC or TCN send :0
TC or TCN received :17
BPDU Sent :2
TCN: 0, Config: 2, RST: 0, MST: 0
BPDU Received :645
TCN: 0, Config: 645, RST: 0, MST: 0
二:控制根桥选举
以上回显表示SW1为根桥,SW2为备份根桥。 通过配置优先级,使SW2为根桥,SW1为备份根桥。桥优先级取值越小,则优先级越高。把SW1和SW2的优先级分别设置为8192和4096。 配置SW2: 执行display stp命令查看新的根桥信息。 由上述回显信息中的灰色部分可以看出,SW2已经变成新的根桥。关闭SW2的G0/0/9和G0/0/10端口,从而隔离SW1与SW2,模拟SW2发生故障。 在上述回显信息中,灰色部分表明当SW2故障时,SW1变成根桥,然后开启SW2之前关闭的接口。 在上述回显信息中,灰色部分表明SW2已经恢复正常,重新变成根桥。[SW1]display stp
-------[CIST Global Info][Mode STP]-------
CIST Bridge :0 .4c1f-cc16-05ac <本交换机SW1的网桥ID>
Config Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
Active Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
CIST Root/ERPC :0 .4c1f-cc16-05ac / 0 <本设备SW1为根交换机>
CIST RegRoot/IRPC :0 .4c1f-cc16-05ac / 0
CIST RootPortId :0.0
BPDU-Protection :Disabled
CIST Root Type :Primary root
TC or TCN received :8
TC count per hello :0
STP Converge Mode :Normal
Time since last TC :0 days 0h:24m:37s
……output omit……
[SW2]display stp
-------[CIST Global Info][Mode STP]-------
CIST Bridge :4096 .4c1f-cc78-50fb <本交换机SW2的网桥ID>
Config Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
Active Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
CIST Root/ERPC :0 .4c1f-cc16-05ac / 20000 <在SW2上看到SW1为根交换机>
CIST RegRoot/IRPC :4096 .4c1f-cc78-50fb / 0
CIST RootPortId :128.9
BPDU-Protection :Disabled
CIST Root Type :Secondary root
TC or TCN received :43
TC count per hello :0
STP Converge Mode :Normal
Time since last TC :0 days 0h:26m:12s
……output omit……
配置SW1:[SW1]undo stp root
[SW1]stp priority 8192[SW2]undo stp root
[SW2]stp priority 4096[SW1]display stp
-------[CIST Global Info][Mode STP]-------
CIST Bridge :8192 .4c1f-cc16-05ac
Config Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
Active Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
CIST Root/ERPC :4096 .4c1f-cc78-50fb / 20000
CIST RegRoot/IRPC :8192 .4c1f-cc16-05ac / 0
CIST RootPortId :128.33
BPDU-Protection :Disabled
TC or TCN received :24
TC count per hello :2
STP Converge Mode :Normal
Time since last TC :0 days 0h:0m:16s
……output omit……
[SW2]display stp
-------[CIST Global Info][Mode STP]-------
CIST Bridge :4096 .4c1f-cc78-50fb
Config Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
Active Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
CIST Root/ERPC :4096 .4c1f-cc78-50fb / 0
CIST RegRoot/IRPC :4096 .4c1f-cc78-50fb / 0
CIST RootPortId :0.0
BPDU-Protection :Disabled
TC or TCN received :43
TC count per hello :0
STP Converge Mode :Normal
Time since last TC :0 days 0h:0m:52s
……output omit……[SW2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/9
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]shutdown
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]quit
[SW2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/10
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]shutdown
[SW1]display stp
-------[CIST Global Info][Mode STP]-------
CIST Bridge :8192 .4c1f-cc16-05ac
Config Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
Active Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
CIST Root/ERPC :8192 .4c1f-cc16-05ac / 0
CIST RegRoot/IRPC :8192 .4c1f-cc16-05ac / 0
CIST RootPortId :0.0
BPDU-Protection :Disabled
TC or TCN received :43
TC count per hello :0
STP Converge Mode :Normal
Time since last TC :0 days 0h:9m:17s
……output omit……[SW2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/9
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]undo shutdown
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]quit
[SW2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/10
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]undo shutdown
[SW1]display stp
-------[CIST Global Info][Mode STP]-------
CIST Bridge :8192 .4c1f-cc16-05ac
Config Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
Active Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
CIST Root/ERPC :4096 .4c1f-cc78-50fb / 20000
CIST RegRoot/IRPC :8192 .4c1f-cc16-05ac / 0
CIST RootPortId :128.33
BPDU-Protection :Disabled
TC or TCN received :54
TC count per hello :0
STP Converge Mode :Normal
Time since last TC :0 days 0h:0m:14s
……output omit……
[SW2]display stp
-------[CIST Global Info][Mode STP]-------
CIST Bridge :4096 .4c1f-cc78-50fb
Config Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
Active Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
CIST Root/ERPC :4096 .4c1f-cc78-50fb / 0 <SW2为根桥>
CIST RegRoot/IRPC :4096 .4c1f-cc78-50fb / 0
CIST RootPortId :0.0
BPDU-Protection :Disabled
TC or TCN received :45
TC count per hello :0
STP Converge Mode :Normal
Time since last TC :0 days 0h:0m:43s
……output omit……
三:控制根端口选举
在SW1上执行display stp brief命令查看端口角色。
[SW1]display stp brief
MSTID Port Role STP State Protection
0 GigabitEthernet0/0/9 ROOT FORWARDING NONE
0 GigabitEthernet0/0/10 ALTE DISCARDING NONE
上述回显信息表明SW1的G0/0/9是根端口,G0/0/10是Alternate端口。通过修改端口优先级,使G0/0/10成为根端口,G0/0/9成为Alternate端口。修改SW2上G0/0/9和G0/0/10端口的优先级。缺省情况下端口优先级为128。端口优先级取值越大,则优先级越低。在SW2上,修改G0/0/9的端口优先级值为32,G0/0/10的端口优先级值为16。
[SW2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/9
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]stp port priority 32
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]quit
[SW2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/10
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]stp port priority 16
提示:此处是修改SW2的端口优先级,而不是修改SW1的端口优先级。
SW2的端口优先级修改完成后,SW1的G0/0/10成为了根端口。
[SW2]display stp interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/9
-------[CIST Global Info][Mode STP]-------
CIST Bridge :4096 .4c1f-cc78-50fb
Config Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
Active Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
CIST Root/ERPC :4096 .4c1f-cc78-50fb / 0
CIST RegRoot/IRPC :4096 .4c1f-cc78-50fb / 0
CIST RootPortId :0.0
BPDU-Protection :Disabled
TC or TCN received :46
TC count per hello :0
STP Converge Mode :Normal
Time since last TC :0 days 0h:2m:23s
Number of TC :14
Last TC occurred :GigabitEthernet0/0/10
----[Port9(GigabitEthernet0/0/9)][FORWARDING]----
Port Protocol :Enabled
Port Role :Designated Port
Port Priority :32
Port Cost(Dot1T ) :Config=auto / Active=20000
Designated Bridge/Port :4096.4c1f-cc78-50fb / 32.9
Port Edged :Config=default / Active=disabled
Point-to-point :Config=auto / Active=true
……output omit……
[SW2]display stp interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/10
-------[CIST Global Info][Mode STP]-------
CIST Bridge :4096 .4c1f-cc78-50fb
Config Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
Active Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
CIST Root/ERPC :4096 .4c1f-cc78-50fb / 0
CIST RegRoot/IRPC :4096 .4c1f-cc78-50fb / 0
CIST RootPortId :0.0
BPDU-Protection :Disabled
TC or TCN received :46
TC count per hello :0
STP Converge Mode :Normal
Time since last TC :0 days 0h:4m:0s
Number of TC :14
Last TC occurred :GigabitEthernet0/0/10
----[Port10(GigabitEthernet0/0/10)][FORWARDING]----
Port Protocol :Enabled
Port Role :Designated Port
Port Priority :16
Port Cost(Dot1T ) :Config=auto / Active=20000
Designated Bridge/Port :4096.4c1f-cc78-50fb / 16.10
Port Edged :Config=default / Active=disabled
Point-to-point :Config=auto / Active=true
……output omit……
在SW1上执行display stp brief命令查看端口角色。
[SW1]display stp brief
MSTID Port Role STP State Protection
0 GigabitEthernet0/0/9 ALTE DISCARDING NONE
0 GigabitEthernet0/0/10 ROOT FORWARDING NONE
在上述回显信息中,灰色部分表明SW1的G0/0/10端口是根端口,G0/0/9是Alternate端口。关闭SW1的GigabitEthernet 0/0/10端口,再查看端口角色。
[SW1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/10
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]shutdown
[SW1]disp stp brief
MSTID Port Role STP State Protection
0 GigabitEthernet0/0/9 ROOT DISCARDING NONE
在上述回显信息中的灰色部分可以看出,SW1的G0/0/9变成了根端口。在SW2上恢复G0/0/9和G0/0/10端口的缺省优先级,并重新开启SW1上关闭的端口。
[SW2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/9
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]undo stp port priority
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]quit
[SW2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/10
[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]undo stp port priority
[SW1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/10
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/10]undo shutdown
在SW1上执行display stp brief命令和display stp interface命令查看端口角色。
<SW1>display stp brief
MSTID Port Role STP State Protection
0 GigabitEthernet0/0/9 ROOT FORWARDING NONE
0 GigabitEthernet0/0/10 ALTE DISCARDING NONE
[SW1]display stp interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/9
-------[CIST Global Info][Mode STP]-------
CIST Bridge :8192 .4c1f-cc16-05ac
Config Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
Active Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
CIST Root/ERPC :4096 .4c1f-cc78-50fb / 20000
CIST RegRoot/IRPC :8192 .4c1f-cc16-05ac / 0
CIST RootPortId :128.33
BPDU-Protection :Disabled
TC or TCN received :168
TC count per hello :0
STP Converge Mode :Normal
Time since last TC :0 days 0h:1m:22s
Number of TC :15
Last TC occurred :GigabitEthernet0/0/9
----[Port33(GigabitEthernet0/0/9)][FORWARDING]----
Port Protocol :Enabled
Port Role :Root Port
Port Priority :128
Port Cost(Dot1T ) :Config=auto / Active=20000
Designated Bridge/Port :4096.4c1f-cc78-50fb / 128.9
Port Edged :Config=default / Active=disabled
Point-to-point :Config=auto / Active=true
Transit Limit :147 packets/hello-time
Protection Type :None
Port STP Mode :STP
Port Protocol Type :Config=auto / Active=dot1s
BPDU Encapsulation :Config=stp / Active=stp
PortTimes :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s RemHop 0
TC or TCN send :3
TC or TCN received :73
BPDU Sent :4
TCN: 3, Config: 1, RST: 0, MST: 0
BPDU Received :487
TCN: 0, Config: 487, RST: 0, MST: 0
[SW1]display stp interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/10
-------[CIST Global Info][Mode STP]-------
CIST Bridge :8192 .4c1f-cc16-05ac
Config Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
Active Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
CIST Root/ERPC :4096 .4c1f-cc78-50fb / 20000
CIST RegRoot/IRPC :8192 .4c1f-cc16-05ac / 0
CIST RootPortId :128.33
BPDU-Protection :Disabled
TC or TCN received :168
TC count per hello :0
STP Converge Mode :Normal
Time since last TC :0 days 0h:1m:53s
Number of TC :15
Last TC occurred :GigabitEthernet0/0/9
----[Port34(GigabitEthernet0/0/10)][DISCARDING]----
Port Protocol :Enabled
Port Role :Alternate Port
Port Priority :128
Port Cost(Dot1T ) :Config=auto / Active=20000
Designated Bridge/Port :4096.4c1f-cc78-50fb / 128.10
Port Edged :Config=default / Active=disabled
Point-to-point :Config=auto / Active=true
Transit Limit :147 packets/hello-time
Protection Type :None
Port STP Mode :STP
Port Protocol Type :Config=auto / Active=dot1s
BPDU Encapsulation :Config=stp / Active=stp
PortTimes :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s RemHop 0
TC or TCN send :0
TC or TCN received :17
BPDU Sent :1
TCN: 0, Config: 1, RST: 0, MST: 0
BPDU Received :68
TCN: 0, Config: 68, RST: 0, MST: 0
在上述回显信息中,灰色部分表明G0/0/9和G0/0/10的端口开销缺省情况下为20000。修改SW1上的G0/0/9端口开销值为200000。
[SW1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/9
[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/9]stp cost 200000
在SW1上执行display stp brief命令和display stp interface命令查看端口角色。
[SW1]display stp interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/9
-------[CIST Global Info][Mode STP]-------
CIST Bridge :8192 .4c1f-cc16-05ac
Config Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
Active Times :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s MaxHop 20
CIST Root/ERPC :4096 .4c1f-cc78-50fb / 20000
CIST RegRoot/IRPC :8192 .4c1f-cc16-05ac / 0
CIST RootPortId :128.34
BPDU-Protection :Disabled
TC or TCN received :204
TC count per hello :0
STP Converge Mode :Normal
Time since last TC :0 days 0h:0m:12s
Number of TC :18
Last TC occurred :GigabitEthernet0/0/10
----[Port33(GigabitEthernet0/0/9)][DISCARDING]----
Port Protocol :Enabled
Port Role :Alternate Port
Port Priority :128
Port Cost(Dot1T ) :Config=200000 / Active=200000
Designated Bridge/Port :4096.4c1f-cc78-50fb / 128.9
Port Edged :Config=default / Active=disabled
Point-to-point :Config=auto / Active=true
Transit Limit :147 packets/hello-time
Protection Type :None
Port STP Mode :STP
Port Protocol Type :Config=auto / Active=dot1s
BPDU Encapsulation :Config=stp / Active=stp
PortTimes :Hello 2s MaxAge 20s FwDly 15s RemHop 0
TC or TCN send :3
TC or TCN received :90
BPDU Sent :4
TCN: 3, Config: 1, RST: 0, MST: 0
BPDU Received :568
TCN: 0, Config: 568, RST: 0, MST: 0
[SW1]display stp brief
MSTID Port Role STP State Protection
0 GigabitEthernet0/0/9 ALTE DISCARDING NONE
0 GigabitEthernet0/0/10 ROOT FORWARDING NONE
此时,SW1上的G0/0/10端口变为根端口。
配置文件
<S1>display current-configuration
<S2>display current-configuration